The United Mexican States (Spanish: Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos), referred to as Mexico, is a federal republic in North America. It borders the United States in the north, the Pacific Ocean to the south and west, and the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, bordering Belize and Guatemala. To the east is the Gulf of Mexico. With an area of 1964,375 square kilometers [1], it is the fifth largest country in the Americas and the fourteenth largest in the world. With a population of 123 million (2017), it is the eleventh most populous country in the world and the second most populous country in Latin America. Mexico is a federal state, including 32 states; its capital and largest city, Mexico City, is also a state.

     Mexico is a free market economy, with its economic strength ranking fourth in the Americas and 13th in the world. It has modern industry and agriculture, and the proportion of its private economy has increased significantly. After the official establishment of the North American Free Trade Area in 1994, Mexico’s trade and investment exchanges with the United States increased rapidly, greatly promoting economic development and increasing national income.
     The ancient Indians in Mexico cultivated corn, so Mexico is known as the "hometown of corn". Mexico has also won the "country of cacti", "the kingdom of silver" and "the country floating on the oil sea" in different historical periods.